Which of the following is true about refractive errors?

Refractive errors refer to the inability of the eye to focus light properly on the retina due to its shape or the curvature of the cornea and lens, resulting in blurred vision. Myopia (nearsightedness) and hyperopia (farsightedness) are indeed both classified as types of refractive errors, which can affect visual clarity at different distances.

Myopia occurs when the eyeball is too long or the cornea has too much curvature, causing distant objects to appear blurry. Conversely, hyperopia arises when the eyeball is too short or the cornea is too flat, making it difficult to see nearby objects clearly. Astigmatism, another form of refractive error, involves an irregular shape of the cornea or lens that leads to distorted or blurred vision at all distances.

This understanding of refractive errors is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment. While some refractive errors can be corrected with glasses, contact lenses, or surgery, it is not true that all can be surgically corrected, making the assertion in the last option incorrect. Thus, the identification of myopia and hyperopia as both types of refractive errors highlights the variety within this condition, reinforcing the correctness of the statement.