What is the common name for conjunctivitis that can result from viral or bacterial infections?

The condition commonly referred to as "pink eye" is indeed a well-known term for conjunctivitis, which can arise due to viral or bacterial infections. This term is widely recognized and used in both medical settings and everyday language, making it an accessible identifier for the inflammation of the conjunctiva—the outer membrane of the eyeball and inner eyelid.

In cases of viral conjunctivitis, it is often associated with colds or respiratory infections, while bacterial conjunctivitis can result from a variety of bacterial pathogens, leading to redness, itching, and discharge from the eye. Notably, the eye's appearance during infection tends to take on a pink or red hue, hence the nickname "pink eye."

The other options relate to different eye conditions or diseases. Dry eye involves a lack of lubrication on the surface of the eye, glaucoma is characterized by increased intraocular pressure that can lead to damage of the optic nerve, and cataracts involve the clouding of the lens of the eye, often associated with aging. Understanding the distinction between these conditions is crucial for recognizing symptoms and seeking appropriate treatment.