What do the terms eso, exo, hyper, and hypo describe in relation to vision?

The terms eso, exo, hyper, and hypo specifically describe the direction of deviations in the alignment of the eyes.

"Eso" refers to inward deviation, meaning one eye is turned towards the nose. "Exo" indicates outward deviation, where one eye turns away from the nose. "Hyper" describes a condition where one eye is higher than the other, while "hypo" refers to a lower positioning of one eye compared to the other.

These terms are critical in diagnosing and treating conditions related to binocular vision, as they help professionals understand how the eyes are positioned relative to one another, which is essential for proper visual alignment and coordination. Understanding these directional terms allows practitioners to evaluate misalignments effectively and tailor treatment strategies accordingly, whether they involve corrective lenses, vision therapy, or other interventions.

The other choices do not accurately capture the specific visual alignment issues that these terms define, further reinforcing the significance of recognizing deviations in eye positioning.